Kutapurirana kwemagetsi ane simba guru muChina

Kutapurirana kwemagetsi ane simba guru (UHV electricity transmission) kwave kuchishandiswa muChina kubvira muna 2009 kutapurirana magetsi emagetsi anochinjana (AC) nemagetsi akananga (DC) munzvimbo refu dzinoparadzanisa zviwanikwa zvesimba reChina nevatengi. Kuwedzera kwesimba reAC neDC kuri kuenderera mberi kuitira kuti kugadzirwa kuenderane nezvinodiwa nekushandiswa uku kuchideredza kurasikirwa kwemagetsi. Kuvandudzika kwekubvisa kabhoni kuchakonzerwa nekutsiviwa kwekugadzirwa kushoma kwemagetsi, kuri pedyo negungwa, nekugadzirwa kwemazuva ano kwemagetsi anobudirira uye kusvibiswa kushoma pedyo nezviwanikwa zvesimba.

Kumashure

Kubva mugore ra2004, kushandiswa kwemagetsi muChina kwave kuri kukura zvisina kumboitika nekuda kwekukura kuri kuita maindasitiri. Kushomeka kukuru kwemagetsi muna 2005 kwakakanganisa mashandiro emakambani mazhinji ekuChina. Kubva ipapo, China yave ichiisa mari yakawanda mumagetsi kuitira kugutsa zvinodiwa nemaindasitiri uye nekudaro kuchengetedza kukura kwehupfumi. Kugona kugadzira magetsi kwakaiswa kwakabva pa443 GW pakupera kwa2004 kusvika pa793 GW pakupera kwa2008. Kuwedzera uku mumakore mana kwakaenzana neinenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chesimba rese reUnited States, kana kuti ka1.4 kanopfuura simba rese reJapan. Munguva imwe chete iyi, kushandiswa kwesimba pagore kwakawedzerawo kubva pa2,197 TWh kusvika pa3,426 TWh. Kushandiswa kwemagetsi muChina kunotarisirwa kusvika pa6,800–6,900 TWh panosvika 2018 kubva pa4,690 TWh muna 2011, nekukwanisa kwakaiswa kwacho kusvika pa1,463 GW kubva pa1,056 GW muna 2011, uko 342 GW isimba remvura, 928 GW inopfuta marasha, 100 GW mhepo, 43GW nyukireya, uye 40GW gasi rechisikigo. China ndiyo nyika inoshandisa magetsi akawanda pasi rose muna 2011.

Kutapurirana uye kugoverwa

Panyaya yekutumira nekuparadzira, nyika yakatarisana nekuwedzera kugona kwemagetsi nekuderedza kurasikirwa ne:

1. kushandisa mafambiro emagetsi emagetsi akareba (UHVDC) uye mafambiro emagetsi anowedzera simba (UHVAC)

2.kuisa ma transformer esimbi asina chimiro chepamusoro anoshanda zvakanyanya

Kutapurirana kweUHV pasi rose

Kutapurirana kweUHV pamwe chete nemamwe macircuit eUHVAC zvakatogadzirwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi. Semuenzaniso, macircuit e1,150 kV anosvika 2,362 km akavakwa muUSSR yaimbova, uye macircuit e1,000 kV AC anosvika 427 km akagadzirwa muJapan (Kita-Iwaki powerline). Mitsetse yekuedza yezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana inowanikwawo munyika dzakawanda. Zvisinei, mitsetse iyi mizhinji iri kushanda nevoltage yakaderera nekuda kwekushomeka kwesimba kana zvimwe zvikonzero. Kune mienzaniso mishoma yeUHVDC. Kunyangwe paine macircuit akawanda e±500 kV (kana pasi) pasi rose, macircuit ekushanda ari pamusoro pemuganhu uyu ndiwo Hydro-Québec's electricity transmission system pa735 kV AC (kubvira 1965, 11 422 km kureba muna 2018) uye Itaipu ±600 kV project muBrazil. MuRussia, basa rekuvaka pamutsetse we2400 km wakareba bipolar ±750 kV DC, HVDC Ekibastuz–Centre yakatanga muna 1978 asi haina kuzombopera. MuUSA pakutanga kwema1970, tambo yemagetsi ye1333 kV yakarongwa kubva kuCelilo Converter Station kuenda kuHoover Dam. Pachinangwa ichi tambo yemagetsi pfupi yekuyedza yakavakwa pedyo neCelilo Converter Station, asi tambo yekuenda kuHoover Dam haina kuzombogadzirwa.

Zvikonzero zvekutapurirana kwehutachiona hweUHV muChina

Chisarudzo cheChina chekusarudza nzira yekufambisa UHV chakavakirwa pakuti simba remagetsi riri kure nenzvimbo dzinotakura simba. Ruzhinji rwesimba remagetsi emvura ruri kumadokero, uye marasha ari kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, asi mutoro mukuru uri kumabvazuva nekumaodzanyemba. Kuti kuderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba remagetsi kusvika padanho rinogoneka, nzira yekufambisa UHV isarudzo ine musoro. Sezvakataurwa neState Grid Corporation yeChina paMusangano wePasirose we2009 weKufambisa Simba reUHV muBeijing, China ichaisa RMB 600 bhiriyoni (inenge US$88 bhiriyoni) mukuvandudza UHV kubva zvino kusvika muna 2020.

Kushandiswa kwegrid yeUHV kunogonesa kuvaka mafekitori matsva, akachena, uye anoshanda zviri nani kure nenzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda. Mafekitori emagetsi ekare ari pamhenderekedzo yegungwa achabviswa. Izvi zvichaderedza huwandu hwese hwekusvibiswa huripo, pamwe nekusvibiswa kunonzwa nevagari mudzimba dzemaguta. Kushandiswa kwemafekitori makuru emagetsi anodziisa magetsi hakusvibisi zvakanyanya kupfuura mabhoyira ega ega anoshandiswa kudziyisa muchando mudzimba zhinji dzekuchamhembe. Grid yeUHV ichabatsira hurongwa hweChina hwekuisa magetsi nekubvisa kabhoni, uye ichagonesa kubatanidzwa kwesimba rinogona kuvandudzwa nekubvisa dambudziko remagetsi iro riri kuderedza kuwedzera kwesimba rekugadzira mhepo nezuva uku richivandudza musika wemotokari dzemagetsi dzinofamba kure muChina.

Maseketi eUHV apera kana kuti ari kuvakwa

Kubva muna 2021, macircuit eUHV anoshanda ndeaya:

 

Mitsetse yeUHV iri kusagadzirwa/iri kugadzirira ndeiyi:

 

Gakava pamusoro peUHV

Pane gakava pamusoro pekuti kuvaka kwakakurudzirwa neState Grid Corporation yeChina inzira here yekuva neushingi hwekutonga nekurwisa shanduko yegrid yemagetsi.

Chibvumirano cheParis chisati chaitwa, icho chakaita kuti zvidikanwe kubvisa marasha, mafuta negasi, pave nekukakavadzana pamusoro peUHV kubvira muna 2004 apo State Grid Corporation yeChina yakakurudzira pfungwa yekuvaka UHV. Gakava iri rave rakanangana neUHVAC nepo pfungwa yekuvaka UHVDC yakagamuchirwa nevakawanda. Nyaya dzinonyanya kukurukurwa ndidzo ina dzakanyorwa pazasi.

1. Matambudziko ekuchengetedza uye kuvimbika: Nekuvakwa kwetambo dzemagetsi dzeUHV dzakawanda, grid yemagetsi munyika yese yakabatana zvakanyanya. Kana tsaona ikaitika mumutsetse mumwe chete, zvakaoma kuganhurira simba remagetsi kunzvimbo diki. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mikana yekuti magetsi adzime iri kuwedzera. Zvakare, inogona kunge iri panjodzi huru yekubatwa nehugandanga.
   
2. Dambudziko remusika: Mimwe tambo yese yemagetsi eUHV pasi rese iri kushanda nemagetsi mashoma nekuti hapana kudiwa kwakakwana. Kugona kwemagetsi emagetsi kure kunoda tsvakiridzo yakadzama. Kunyangwe ruzhinji rwezviwanikwa zvemarasha zviri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, zvakaoma kuvaka mafekitori emagetsi emarasha ikoko nekuti anoda mvura yakawanda uye izvo zviwanikwa zvishoma kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweChina. Uye zvakare nekukura kwehupfumi kumadokero kweChina, kudiwa kwemagetsi kwave kuchikwira mumakore aya.
3. Matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza uye kushanda zvakanaka: Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoti mitsetse yeUHV haizochengetedze ivhu rakawanda zvichienzaniswa nekuvaka njanji dzekuwedzera dzekufambisa marasha uye kugadzira magetsi munharaunda. Nekuda kwedambudziko rekushomeka kwemvura, kuvaka zviteshi zvemagetsi zvinoshandisa marasha kumadokero kuri kukanganiswa. Imwe nyaya ndeyekushanda zvakanaka kwemagetsi. Kushandisa kupisa pamwe chete nesimba remagetsi pamushandisi kunobatsira zvikuru kushandisa simba kupfuura kushandisa simba rinobva kumitsetse yemagetsi iri kure.
   
4. Nyaya yezvehupfumi: Mari yose inoshandiswa inofungidzirwa kuva mabhiriyoni mazana maviri nemakumi manomwe emadhora ekuAmerica (270 bhiriyoni) emadhora ekuAmerica (US$40 bhiriyoni), iyo inodhura zvakanyanya kupfuura kuvaka njanji itsva yekufambisa marasha.

Sezvo UHV ichipa mukana wekutumira simba rinogona kuvandudzwa kubva kunzvimbo dziri kure dzine mukana mukuru wekuisa simba guru remhepo uye photovoltaics. SGCC inotaura nezvekugona kwesimba remhepo re200 GW munharaunda yeXinjiang.

Sichuan D&F Electric Co., Ltd.Semugadziri anotungamira wezvinhu zvekudzivirira magetsi, zvikamu zvekuvaka zvekudzivirira magetsi, bhazi rakanamirwa, bhazi remhangura rakasimba uye bhazi rinochinjika, tiri vamwe vevatengesi vakuru vezvikamu zvekudzivirira magetsi uye bhazi rakanamirwa remapurojekiti aya eUHVDC ehurumende. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, ndapota shanyira webhusaiti yangu kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezvezvigadzirwa.