Ultra-yakakwirira-voltage magetsi kutapurirana muChina

Ultra-yakakwirira-voltage magetsi transmission (UHV magetsi transmission) yakashandiswa muChina kubvira 2009 kufambisa ese ari maviri alternating current (AC) uye akananga azvino (DC) magetsi pamadaro akareba achipatsanura zviwanikwa zvesimba zveChina nevatengi. Kuwedzeredza kweaviri AC uye DC huwandu hunoenderera mberi kuitira kuenzanisa chizvarwa kune zvinodiwa zvekushandisa uku uchideredza kurasikirwa kwekutapurirana. Kuvandudzwa kwedecarbonization kuchabva mukutsiviwa kwekugadzirwa kwakaderera, kuri padyo nemahombekombe, nechizvarwa chemazuva ano chepamusoro-soro chine kusvibiswa kushoma pedyo nezviwanikwa zvesimba.

Background

Kubva 2004, kushandiswa kwemagetsi muChina kwave kukura zvisingaenzaniswi nekuda kwekukurumidza kukura kwemaindasitiri. Kushaikwa kwakanyanya kwekushandisa muna 2005 kwakakanganisa kushanda kwemakambani mazhinji eChinese. Kubva ipapo, China yakaisa mari zvine hukasha mukupihwa magetsi kuitira kuzadzisa zvinodiwa kubva kumaindasitiri nekudaro kuchengetedza hupfumi hwenyika. Yakaiswa chizvarwa simba rakamhanya kubva ku443 GW pakupera kwa2004 kusvika 793 GW pakupera kwa2008. Kuwedzera mumakore mana aya kwakaenzana nechikamu chimwe muzvitatu chehuwandu hweUnited States, kana 1,4 nguva yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwakaiswa hunobva ku443 GW pakupera kwa2004 kusvika ku793 GW pakupera kwa2008. Japan.Mukati menguva imwe cheteyo yenguva, kushandiswa kwemagetsi pagore kwakwirawo kubva pa2,197 TWh kusvika pa3,426 TWh.Mashandisirwo emagetsi eChina anotarisirwa kusvika pa6,800–6,900 TWh panosvika 2018 kubva pa4,690 TWh muna 2011, aine simba rakaiswa richisvika pa1,463 GW. muna 2011, iyo 342 GW ndiyo simba remvura, 928 GW marasha, 100 GW mhepo, 43GW nyukireya, uye 40GW gasi rechisikigo.China ndiyo nyika huru yepasi rose inoshandisa magetsi muna 2011.

Kutumira uye kugovera

Padivi rekutapurirana nekugovera, nyika yakatarisana nekuwedzera hunyanzvi uye kuderedza kurasikirwa ne:

1. kuendesa kure-kure-yakakwirira-voltage yakananga ikozvino (UHVDC) uye ultra-high-voltage alternating current (UHVAC) transmission

2.kuisa yakakwirira-inoshanda amorphous simbi transformers

UHV kutapurirana pasi rese

UHV kutapurirana uye akati wandei eUHVAC maseketi akatovakwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi. Semuenzaniso, 2,362 km ye1,150 kV maseketi akavakwa mune yaimbova USSR, uye 427 km ye1,000 kV AC maseketi akagadzirwa muJapan (Kita-Iwaki powerline). Mitsetse yekuedza yezvikero zvakasiyana-siyana inowanikwawo munyika dzakawanda. Nekudaro, mazhinji emitsara iyi parizvino ari kushanda neakaderera voltage nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemagetsi kudiwa kana zvimwe zvikonzero. Kune mienzaniso mishoma yeUHVDC. Kunyangwe paine akawanda ±500 kV (kana pazasi) maseketi kutenderera pasirese, iwo ega maseketi anoshanda pamusoro pechikumbaridzo ichi iHydro-Québec's magetsi ekufambisa system pa735 kV AC (kubvira 1965, 11 422 km kureba muna 2018) uye Itaipu ±. 600 kV chirongwa muBrazil. MuRussia, basa rekuvaka pa2400 km kureba bipolar ± 750 kV DC mutsetse, iyo HVDC Ekibastuz-Centre yakatanga muna 1978 asi haina kuzopera. MuUSA pakutanga kwema1970 tambo yemagetsi ye1333 kV yakarongwa kubva kuCelilo Converter Station kuenda kuHoover Dam. Nechinangwa ichi tambo pfupi yekuyedza magetsi padhuze neCelilo Converter Station yakavakwa, asi tambo yeHoover Dam haina kumbovakwa.

Zvikonzero zvekutapurirana kweUHV muChina

Sarudzo yeChina yekuenda kunofambiswa neUHV yakavakirwa pakuti zviwanikwa zvesimba zviri kure nenzvimbo dzinotakura zvinhu. Ruzhinji rwezviwanikwa zvemagetsi emagetsi ari kumadokero, uye marasha ari kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, asi mitoro mikuru iri kumabvazuva nekumaodzanyemba. Kudzikisa kurasikirwa kwekutapurirana kusvika padanho rinogoneka, kutapurirana kweUHV isarudzo ine musoro. Sezvo State Grid Corporation yeChina yakazivisa pa2009 International Musangano weUHV Power Transmission muBeijing, China ichaisa RMB 600 bhiriyoni (inenge US$88 bhiriyoni) mukuvandudza UHV pakati pazvino na2020.

Kuitwa kweiyo UHV gidhi kunogonesa kuvakwa kwezvitsva, zvakachena, zvine simba zvekugadzira magetsi zviri kure nenzvimbo dzevanhu. Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvekare zviri kumahombekombe zvichange zvaregedzwa. Izvi zvinoderedza huwandu hwazvino hwekusvibisa, pamwe nekusvibiswa kunoitwa nevagari vemumaguta. Kushandiswa kwemagetsi makuru epakati pemagetsi anopa kupisa kwemagetsi zvakare kushoma kusvibisa pane ega boilers anoshandiswa kupisa kwechando mudzimba zhinji dzekuchamhembe.Gredhi yeUHV ichabatsira chirongwa cheChina chekugadzira magetsi uye decarbonization, uye kugonesa kubatanidzwa kwesimba renewable nekubvisa bhodhoro rekutapurirana iro. parizvino iri kudzikamisa kuwedzera kwemhepo uye kugadzirwa kwezuva uku ichienderera mberi nekuvandudza musika wemotokari dzemagetsi enguva refu muChina.

UHV maseketi akapedzwa kana ari kuvakwa

Kubva muna 2021, maseketi eUHV anoshanda ndeaya:

 

Iwo ari pasi pekuvaka / Mukugadzirira UHV mitsetse ndeiyi:

 

Kupokana pamusoro peUHV

Pane kupokana pamusoro pekuti kuvakwa kwakarongwa neState Grid Corporation yekuChina inzira yekuve monopolistic uye kurwisa shanduko yemagetsi.

Chibvumirano cheParis chisati chaitwa, icho chakaita kuti zvive zvakakosha kubvisa marasha, mafuta uye gasi, pave nekukakavadzana pamusoro peUHV kubvira 2004 apo State Grid Corporation yeChina yakaronga zano rekuvaka UHV. Makakatanwa anga akanangana neUHVAC ukuwo pfungwa yekuvaka UHVDC yave ichibvumwa nevakawanda.Nyaya dzinonetsa zvikuru ndedzina dziri pasi apa.

1. Chengetedzo uye nyaya dzekuvimbika: Nekuvakwa kweakawanda uye akawanda matambo ekufambisa eUHV, gidhi remagetsi rakatenderedza nyika yese rakabatana zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya. Kana njodzi ikaitika mumutsara mumwe, zvakaoma kudzikamisa pesvedzero kunzvimbo diki. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mikana yekudzima moto iri kuwedzera. Uyewo, hunogona kunge huchinyanya kukuvadzwa nehugandanga.
   
2. Nyaya yemusika: Mimwe yose mitsetse yekufambisa yeUHV pasi rose ikozvino iri kushanda pamhepo yakaderera nokuti hapana kudiwa kwakakwana.Kugona kwekufambisa kureba kunoda tsvakurudzo yakadzama. Kunyange zvazvo zviwanikwa zvemarasha zvizhinji zviri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, zvakaoma kuvaka zvicherwa zvemarasha ikoko nekuti zvinoda mvura yakawanda uye ishomeka kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweChina. Uye zvakare nekusimukira kwehupfumi kumadokero kweChina, kudiwa kwemagetsi kwave kuwedzera makore ano.
3. Nyaya dzezvakatipoteredza nekushanda zvakanaka: Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinopokana kuti mitsetse yeUHV haizochengetedze ivhu rakawanda zvichienzaniswa nekuvaka njanji yekuwedzera kutakura marasha uye kugadzirwa kwemagetsi munharaunda.Nekuda kwenyaya yekushaikwa kwemvura, kuvakwa kwemagetsi emagetsi kumadokero kuri kuitwa. kudziviswa. Imwe nyaya ndeye kutapurirana zvakanaka. Kushandisa kupisa kwakabatanidzwa uye simba pamagumo emushandisi kune simba rakawanda pane kushandisa simba kubva kumatambo ekufambisa kureba.
   
4. Nyaya yehupfumi: Mari yese inofungidzirwa kuva 270 bhiriyoni RMB (inenge US$40 bhiriyoni), iyo inodhura zvakanyanya pane kuvaka njanji itsva yekufambisa marasha.

Sezvo UHV ichipa mukana wekufambisa simba rinogoneka kubva kunzvimbo dziri kure dzine mukana wakawanda wekuisa kwakakura kwesimba remhepo uye photovoltaics. SGCC inotaura nezvekugona kwesimba remhepo re200 GW mudunhu reXinjiang.

Sichuan D&F Electric Co., Ltd.semugadziri anotungamira wezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi ekudzivirira, magetsi ekudzivirira zvimiro zvemukati, laminated bhazi bhawa, yakasimba yemhangura bhazi bar uye inochinjika bhazi bhawa, isu tiri vamwe vevanonyanya vatengesi vezvikamu zvekudzivirira uye laminated mabhazi mabara kune aya ehurumende UHVDC ekufambisa mapurojekiti. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, ndapota shanyira webhusaiti yangu kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve zvigadzirwa.